Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

Content of This Page

1- Introduction

2- Causes

3- Symptoms

4- Sites of Inflammation

5- Treatment

6- What Should You Avoid

Introduction

Herpes Zoster (shingles) is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. It results in a painful rash with blisters, typically appearing on one side of the body or face. The rash usually follows the path of a nerve and can be accompanied by burning or itching. Shingles is more common in older adults and those with weakened immune systems.

Causes

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus responsible for chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve cells. It can reactivate years later, leading to shingles.

Factors that can trigger reactivation include:

  • Weakened Immune System: Due to aging, illness, or immunosuppressive medications.
  • Stress: Physical or emotional stress can trigger the reactivation of the virus.
  • Certain Medical Conditions: Conditions that weaken the immune system, like cancer or HIV.
  • Recent Illness or Infection: Can stress the immune system and trigger reactivation.

Symptoms

  • Pain, Burning, or Tingling: Often precedes the rash and occurs in a specific area of the body.
  • Rash: Red rash that develops into fluid-filled blisters, usually on one side of the body or face.
  • Itching: In the area where the rash appears.
  • Fever: Mild fever may occur.
  • Headache: Common during the initial stage.
  • Fatigue: General feeling of tiredness or malaise.

Sites of Inflammation

  • Trunk: Often affects a band or strip on one side of the torso.
  • Face: Can involve the forehead, eyes, or around the nose (known as ophthalmic herpes zoster).
  • Chest: On one side of the chest or back.
  • Abdomen: Around the belly or sides.
  • Genital Area: In rare cases, it can affect the genital region.

Treatment

  1. Antiviral Medications:

    • Examples: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir.
    • Purpose: To reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, especially if started within 72 hours of the rash appearance.

  2. Pain Relief:

    • Over-the-Counter: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
    • Prescription Medications: Opioids or nerve pain medications (e.g., gabapentin or pregabalin) for severe pain.

  3. Topical Treatments:

    • Calamine Lotion: To soothe itching and discomfort.
    • Cool Compresses: Applied to the rash to alleviate pain and itching.

  4. Corticosteroids:

    • Purpose: To reduce inflammation and pain, often used in combination with antiviral medications.

  5. Vaccination:

    • Shingles Vaccine: Recommended for older adults to reduce the risk of developing shingles and its complications.

  6. Self-Care Measures:

    • Rest and Hydration: To support overall health and recovery.
    • Avoiding Irritants: Keeping the rash clean and dry, and avoiding scratching.

What Should You Avoid

  • Scratching the rash
  • Exposing the rash to sunlight
  • Using irritating skin products (harsh soaps or lotions)
  • Sharing personal items (like towels or bedding)
  • Stress (which can exacerbate symptoms)
  • Contact with pregnant women (if the rash involves the genital area)
  • Unprotected contact with infants or people with weakened immune systems
Scroll to Top

Terms and Conditions