Physiology Gastro-Intestinal Tract Set 1

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Physiology (Gastro-Intestinal Tract Set 1)

MCQ

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1. What prevents food from entering the nasal passages during swallowing?

A) elevation of uvula

B) contraction of pharyngeal muscles

C) apposition of vocal folds

D) elevation of epiglottis

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2. Compared to plasma, saliva has the highest relative concentration of which of the following ions
under basal conditions?

A) Bicarbonate

B) Chloride

C) Potassium

D) Sodium

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3. HCL secretion by the stomach :

A) Is triggered by chewing

B) denatures proteins

C) activates enzymes that digest proteins

D) all of these

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4. Which of the following is characteristic of the segmenting movements in the small intestine?

A) It decreases particle size, which increases the surface area for digestion

B) It brings the products of digestion to the mucosal surface for absorption

C) It results in the mixing of the luminal contents in front of the propulsive segments (i.e. in the receiving segments)

D) All of the above

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5. Some absorption occurs in the large intestine, but this is mostly limited to :

A) amino acids

B) water & electrolytes

C) fatty acids

D) glucose

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6. during swallowing:

A) All processes are consciously controlled

B) the swallowing center located in the medulla oblongata inhibits the medullary respiratory center

C) the food bolus is forced down the esophagus by gravity

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7. Digestion of which of the following foodstuffs is impaired to the greatest extent in patients with
achlorhydria?

A) Carbohydrate

B) Fat

C) Protein

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8. Which of the following is the main digestible carbohydrate normally consumed in the human diet?

A) Amylose

B) Cellulose

C) Maltose

D) Starch

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9. Which tissue layer provides for primary digestive motility?

A) Mucosa

B) submucosa

C) mesentery

D) muscularis mucosa

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10. Vitamin B12 is absorbed mainly in the:

A) stomach

B) ileum

C) colon

D) jejunum

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11. Defective parietal cells would result in malabsorption of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin B1

B) Vitamin B2

C) Niacin

D) Vitamin B12

E) Folic acid

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12. Which of the following food substances requires chewing for digestion?

A) Cheese

B) Eggs

C) Vegetables

D) Meat

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13. Of the approximately 9 liters of water that go through the GI tract daily, how much makes it out in
the feces?

A) 100 ml

B) 1000 ml

C) 2000 ml

D) 1500 ml

E) 500 ml

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14. Which of the following has little effect on pancreatic secretion or it's components?

A) Acetylcholine

B) Sympathetic stimulation

C) Secretin

D) Cholecystokinin

E) VIP

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15. Which of the following is NOT involved in swallowing?

A) Contracture of the upper esophageal sphincter

B) Coordination by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata

C) The approximation of the vocal cords to close the glottis

D) The raising of the larynx to close its entrance

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16. Saliva contains the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme

A) pepsin

B) carboxypeptidase

C) amylase

D) trypsin

E) lipase

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17. Which of the following is NOT normally found in abundance in the portal blood?

A) Amino acids

B) Glucose

C) Short-chain fatty acids

D) Triglycerides

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18. Which is the primary absorptive organ of the digestive system?

A) small intestine

B) stomach

C) colon

D) pancreas

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19. Which of the following salivary components continues to be active in the acidic environment of the
stomach?

A) Alpha-amylase

B) Lingual lipase

C) Both A and B

D) Non of the above

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20. The major chemical digestive activity that takes place in the stomach is :

A) breakdown of starch

B) breakdown of proteins

C) digestion of fats

D) neutralization of acid by buffers & mucous

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21. Choose the correct listing of the anatomical divisions of the stomach in the direction food normally
passes :

A) Corpus, fundus, antrum

B) Fundus, antrum, corpus

C) Antrum, corpus, fundus

D) Fundus, corpus, antrum

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22. Which of the following ions has the highest concentration in saliva under basal conditions?

A) Bicarbonate

B) Chloride

C) Potassium

D) Sodium

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23. The progressive wave of muscle contractions that proceeds along the esophagus, compressing the
lumen and forcing food ahead of it is called:

A) primary peristalsis

B) segmentation

C) the migrating myoelectric complex

D) mass movement

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24. The proenzyme pepsinogen is secreted mainly from which of the following structures?

A) Acinar cells of the pancreas

B) Ductal cells of the pancreas

C) Epithelial cells of the duodenum

D) Gastric glands of the stomach

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25. Proteins are primarily digested to and absorbed as :

A) amino acids

B) monosaccharides

C) nucleic acids

D) fatty acids & glycerol

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Physiology Gastro-Intestinal Tract Set 1

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