Renal System Physiology Set 1

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Physiology (Renal System Set 1)

MCQ

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1. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is
correct :

A) it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium

B) it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion

C) it produces its effect by activating C-AMP .

D) it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

E) it is secreted in response to an increase in blood pressure

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2. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the :

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) loop of Henle

C) collecting duct

D) glomerular filtrate

E) proximal tubule

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3. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular
filtrate via active transport in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) renal pelvis

C) collecting duct

D) distal tubule

E) loop of Henle

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4. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal
tubule is associated with :

A) reabsorption of calcium ion

B) reabsorption of phosphate ion

C) reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

D) excretion of potassium ion

E) excretion of hydrogen ion

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5. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone , which of
the following factors is least important ?

A) concentration of plasma K+

B) adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

C) renin

D) concentration of plasma Na+

E) angiotensin II

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6. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus
undergoes reabsorption in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) distal tubule

C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle

D) collecting duct

E) descending limp of the loop of Henle

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7. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes
increase in :

A) release of natriuretic hormone

B) secretion of ADH

C) secretion of aldosterone

D) release of renin

E) production of angiotensin II

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8. All the following statements are true for the H + secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except :

A) can combine with NH4 +

B) can remains as free H

C) can combine with HCO3

D) is secreted by an H+ - ATP ase pump

E) can combine with HPO

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9. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following
except :

A) sodium

B) chloride

C) albumin

D) glucose

E) hemoglobin

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10. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if :

A) the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases

B) circulating blood volume increase

C) the plasma protein concentration increase

D) the afferent arteriolar resistance increases

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11. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if :

A) Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

B) distal tubular flow increases

C) circulating aldosterone level increase

D) dietary intake of potassium increase

E) the excretion of organic ions increase

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12. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate,
creatinine is :

A) loop of Henle

B) proximal tubule

C) distal tubule

D) collecting duct

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13. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to :

A) urea

B) sodium

C) carbon dioxide

D) water

E) ammonia

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14. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment
will :

A) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

B) cause no change in ADH secretion

C) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

D) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

E) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

15 / 25

15. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by :

A) a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

B) constriction of the afferent arteriole

C) a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure

D) compression of the renal capsule

E) a decrease in renal blood flow

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16. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the
following except :

A) sulfuric acid

B) phosphate acid

C) ß- hydroxybutyric acid

D) lactic acid

E) carbonic acid

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17. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in :

A) increased secretion of H+

B) alkalosis

C) increased secretion of HCO3 -

D) acidosis

E) increased secretion of Na+

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18. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will
increase if :

A) the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases

B) the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases

C) the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases

D) the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

E) the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases

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19. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules :

A) glucose , amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed

B) only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed

C) K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone

D) parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

20 / 25

20. H+ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following
except :

A) metabolic acidosis

B) an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone

C) hyperkalemia

D) respiratory acidosis

E) an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions

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21. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by
increased :

A) atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

B) antidiuretic hormone secretion

C) angiotensin secretion

D) aldosterone secretion

E) sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney

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22. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to :

A) increase the diameter of the renal artery

B) increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water

C) increase the excretion of Na+

D) increase the excretion of water

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23. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at
the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the :

A) tubular mass of the substance

B) extraction ratio of the substance

C) filtration rate of the substance

D) diffusion constant of the substance

E) clearance of the substance

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24. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the
following reasons :

A) its acid base reaction has a low pK

B) the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH3

C) none of the above

D) its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis

25 / 25

25. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the
end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

A) bicarbonate

B) sodium

C) glucose

D) creatinine

Your score is

The average score is 23%

Renal System Physiology Set 1

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