Renal System Physiology Set 2

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Physiology (Renal System Set 2)

MCQ

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1. About urea, all are true except :

A) is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells

B) concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet

C) causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased

D) concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron

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2. The amount of H + excreted as titratable acid bound to phosphate would be increased by all the following except :

A) an increase in the dietary intake of phosphate

B) an increase in the amount of phosphate filtered at the glomerulus

C) an increase in the pH of the urine

D) a decrease in the renal tubular maximum ( Tm ) for phosphate reabsorption .

E) an increase in the level of plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH )

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3. Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that also produces natriuresis. Which of the following is an undesirable side effect of furosemide due to its site of action on the renal tubule?

A) Heart failure

B) Edema

C) Hypercalcemia

D) Decreased ability to concentrate the urine

E) Hyperkalemia

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4. Na+ resorption does not occur in which part of the nephron?

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) proximal convoluted tubule

C) thin descending loop of Henle

D) thick ascending loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

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5. As urine flow increases during osmotic diuresis :

A) the osmolality of urine is unchanged

B) the osmolality of urine falls

C) the osmolality of urine increases

D) the osmolality of urine depends primarily on other factor

E) the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma

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6. Where is the macula densa located?

A) proximal convoluted tubule

B) afferent arteriole

C) efferent arteriole

D) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

E) distal convoluted tubule

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7. Angiotensin II causes :

A) has no effect on arteriolar constriction

B) greater constriction of efferent than afferent arterioles

C) greater construction of afferent than efferent arterioles

D) constriction of afferent arterioles only

E) constriction of efferent arterioles only

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8. Aldosterone has its principle effect in the :

A) thick ascending loop of Henle

B) descending loop of Henle

C) proximal convoluted tubule

D) distal convoluted tubule

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9. About the proximal convoluted tubules , all are true except :

A) reabsorb most of Na+ ions in glomerular filtrate

B) reabsorb most of K+ ions in glomerular filtrate

C) reabsorb most of Cl- ions in glomerular filtrate

D) contains JGCs which secrete renin

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10. Which of the following changes tends to increase GFR?

A) Decreased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

B) Increased Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

C) Decreased efferent arteriolar resistance

D) Increased glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

E) Increased afferent arteriolar resistance

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11. What percentage of filtered sodium is reabsorbed
by the kidney?

A) 93%

B) 1%

C) 100%

D) 50%

E) 99%

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12. At which site does tubular fluid osmolality exceed that of
plasma by the greatest amount?

A) thin limb of loop of Henle

B) distal tubule

C) proximal tubule

D) collecting duct

E) thick limb of loop of Henle

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13. The maximum clearance rate possible for a substance that is totally cleared from the plasma is equal to which of the following?

A) Renal plasma flow

B) GFR

C) Filtration fraction

D) Filtered load of that substance

E) Urinary excretion rate of that substance

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14. A 26-year-old man develops glomerulonephritis, and his
GFR decreases by 50% and remains at that level. For which of
the following substances would you expect to find the
greatest increase in plasma concentration?

A) Glucose

B) Phosphate

C) Na+

D) Creatinine

E) K+

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15. Which of the following changes tends to increase
peritubular capillary fluid reabsorption?

A) Increased blood pressure

B) Increased efferent arteriolar resistance

C) Increased renal blood flow

D) Decreased filtration fraction

E) Decreased angiotensin II

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16. Which of the following is transported via active
transport?

A) urea

B) glucose

C) bicarbonate

D) hydrogen

E) chloride

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17. The maximum effect of vasopressin occurs at :

A) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

B) medullary part of collecting duct

C) proximal convoluted tubule

D) cortical part of the collecting duct

E) distal convoluted tubule

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18. Which is NOT resorbed via cotransport with Na+
in the PCT?

A) lactate

B) amino acids

C) hydrogen

D) phosphate

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Renal System Physiology Set 2

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