Endocrine System Physiology Set 2

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Physiology (Endocrine System Set 2)

MCQ

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1. In order for milk to flow from the nipple of the mother into the mouth of the nursing infant, which of
the following must occur?

A) Myoepithelial cells must relax

B) Prolactin levels must fall

C) Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary must take place

D) The baby’s mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple

E) All of the above

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2. Inhibition of the iodide pump would be expected to cause which of the following changes?

A) Increased synthesis of thyroxine (T4 )

B) Increased synthesis of thyroglobulin

C) Increased metabolic rate

D) Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

E) Extreme nervousness

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3. Oxytocin is secreted by the:

A) somatotrophs

B) lactotrophs

C) posterior pituitary

D) pineal

E) gonadotrophs

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4. What can be measured in a 24-hour urine collection to assess in epinephrine and
norepinephrine levels?

A) Serotonin

B) Dopamine

C) Vanillymandelic Acid (VMA)

D) Acetylcholine

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5. Glycogenolysis induced by glucocorticoids is primarily due to their effect on :

A) Insulin

B) Cortisol

C) Glucagon

D) Amino acids

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6. A sustained program of lifting heavy weights will increase bone mass. What is the mechanism of
this effect of weightlifting?

A) Elevated metabolic activity stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion

B) Mechanical stress on the bones increases the activity of osteoblasts

C) Elevated metabolic activity results in an increase in dietary calcium intake

D) Elevated metabolic activity results in stimulation of calcitonin secretion

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7. Release of which of the following hormones is an example of neuroendocrine secretion?

A) Growth hormone

B) Cortisol

C) Oxytocin

D) Prolactin

E) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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8. Which of the following hormones is not stored in its endocrine-producing gland?

A) T4

B) PTH

C) Aldosterone

D) ACTH

E) Insulin

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9. Which of the following findings would likely be reported in a patient with a deficiency in iodine
intake?

A) Weight loss

B) Nervousness

C) Increased sweating

D) Increased synthesis of thyroglobulin

E) Tachycardia

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10. Where are adrenergic receptors located in the heart ?

A) Skeletal muscle

B) SA node

C) Ventricular muscle

D) AV node

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11. Which of the following contributes to “sodium escape” in Conn’s syndrome?

A) Decreased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide

B) Increased plasma levels of angiotensin II

C) Decreased sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules

D) Increased arterial pressure

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12. Which of the following increases the rate of deposition and decreases the rate of absorption of
bone?

A) Elevation of parathyroid hormone concentration

B) Elevation of estrogen concentration

C) Elevation of extracellular hydrogen ion concentration

D) Reduction in mechanical stress on the bone

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13. In women, excessive adrenal androgens can lead to ?

A) Decreased muscle mass

B) Breast enlargement

C) Hirsutism and virilization

D) Osteoporosis

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14. Which of the following statements about peptide or protein hormones is usually true?

A) They have longer half-lives than steroid hormones

B) They have receptors on the cell membrane

C) They have a slower onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones

D) They are not stored in endocrine-producing glands

15 / 25

15. Which of the following pituitary hormones has a chemical structure most similar to that of
antidiuretic hormone?

A) Oxytocin

B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone

D) Follicle-stimulating hormone

E) Prolactin

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16. Growth hormone secretion would most likely be suppressed under which of the following
conditions?

A) Acromegaly

B) Gigantism

C) Deep Sleep

D) Exercise

E) Acute hyperglycemia

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17. A 30-year-old woman is administered cortisone for the treatment of an autoimmune disease. Which
of the following is most likely to occur?

A) Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion

B) Increased cortisol secretion

C) Increased insulin secretion

D) Increased muscle mass

E) Hypoglycemia between meals

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18. The function of which of the following is increased by an elevated parathyroid hormone
concentration?

A) Osteoclasts

B) Hepatic formation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

C) Phosphate reabsorptive pathways in the renal tubules

D) All of the above

19 / 25

19. Which of the following physiological responses is greater for triiodothyronine (T3
) than for
thyroxine (T4
)?

A) Secretion rate from the thyroid

B) Plasma concentration

C) Plasma half-life

D) Affinity for nuclear receptors in target tissues

E) Latent period for onset of action in target tissues

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20. Which of the following metabolic substrates is preferentially metabolized by growth hormone?

A) Fats

B) Proteins

C) Glycogen

D) Glucose

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21. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are secreted by the:

A) somatotrophs

B) lactotrophs

C) thyrotrophs

D) posterior pituitary

E) gonadotrophs

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22. Prolactin is secreted by the:

A) somatotrophs

B) lactotrophs

C) thyrotrophs

D) posterior pituitary

E) gonadotrophs

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23. Which of the following would most likely occur in the earliest stages of type II diabetes?

A) Increased insulin sensitivity

B) High circulating levels of C-peptide

C) Decreased hepatic glucose output

D) Metabolic acidosis

E) Hypovolemia

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24. Which of the following conditions or hormones would most likely increase growth hormone
secretion?

A) Hyperglycemia

B) Exercise

C) Somatomedin

D) Somatostatin

E) Aging

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25. Which of the following steroid hormones is not synthesized to any appreciable degree in the zona fasciculata?

A) Aldosterone

B) Cortisol

C) Corticosterone

D) Dehydroepiandrosterone

E) Deoxycorticosterone

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Endocrine System Physiology Set 2

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