Renal System Physiology Set 1

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Physiology (Renal System Set 1)

MCQ

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1. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the :

A) collecting duct

B) distal convoluted tubule

C) glomerular filtrate

D) loop of Henle

E) proximal tubule

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2. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to :

A) sodium

B) carbon dioxide

C) water

D) ammonia

E) urea

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3. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate,
creatinine is :

A) loop of Henle

B) distal tubule

C) proximal tubule

D) collecting duct

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4. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will
increase if :

A) the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

B) the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases

C) the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases

D) the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases

E) the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases

5 / 25

5. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is
correct :

A) it produces its effect by activating C-AMP .

B) it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium

C) it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

D) it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion

E) it is secreted in response to an increase in blood pressure

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6. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in :

A) increased secretion of H+

B) alkalosis

C) acidosis

D) increased secretion of HCO3 -

E) increased secretion of Na+

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7. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if :

A) the afferent arteriolar resistance increases

B) the plasma protein concentration increase

C) the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases

D) circulating blood volume increase

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8. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by :

A) compression of the renal capsule

B) a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

C) a decrease in renal blood flow

D) a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure

E) constriction of the afferent arteriole

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9. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes
increase in :

A) secretion of aldosterone

B) release of renin

C) production of angiotensin II

D) secretion of ADH

E) release of natriuretic hormone

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10. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the
following except :

A) carbonic acid

B) sulfuric acid

C) ß- hydroxybutyric acid

D) lactic acid

E) phosphate acid

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11. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone , which of
the following factors is least important ?

A) concentration of plasma Na+

B) adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

C) angiotensin II

D) concentration of plasma K+

E) renin

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12. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the
following reasons :

A) its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis

B) its acid base reaction has a low pK

C) none of the above

D) the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH3

13 / 25

13. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by
increased :

A) angiotensin secretion

B) aldosterone secretion

C) antidiuretic hormone secretion

D) sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney

E) atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

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14. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the
end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

A) bicarbonate

B) sodium

C) glucose

D) creatinine

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15. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if :

A) distal tubular flow increases

B) circulating aldosterone level increase

C) Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

D) the excretion of organic ions increase

E) dietary intake of potassium increase

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16. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following
except :

A) glucose

B) chloride

C) hemoglobin

D) sodium

E) albumin

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17. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus
undergoes reabsorption in the :

A) distal tubule

B) descending limp of the loop of Henle

C) proximal tubule

D) ascending limb of the loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

18 / 25

18. All the following statements are true for the H + secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except :

A) can remains as free H

B) can combine with HPO

C) can combine with NH4 +

D) is secreted by an H+ - ATP ase pump

E) can combine with HCO3

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19. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at
the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the :

A) filtration rate of the substance

B) diffusion constant of the substance

C) clearance of the substance

D) extraction ratio of the substance

E) tubular mass of the substance

20 / 25

20. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to :

A) increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water

B) increase the diameter of the renal artery

C) increase the excretion of water

D) increase the excretion of Na+

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21. H+ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following
except :

A) metabolic acidosis

B) respiratory acidosis

C) hyperkalemia

D) an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone

E) an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions

22 / 25

22. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular
filtrate via active transport in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) distal tubule

C) renal pelvis

D) collecting duct

E) loop of Henle

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23. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment
will :

A) cause no change in ADH secretion

B) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

C) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

D) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

E) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

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24. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules :

A) parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

B) only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed

C) glucose , amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed

D) K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone

25 / 25

25. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal
tubule is associated with :

A) reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

B) excretion of hydrogen ion

C) excretion of potassium ion

D) reabsorption of phosphate ion

E) reabsorption of calcium ion

Your score is

The average score is 56%

Renal System Physiology Set 1

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