Renal System Physiology Set 1

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Physiology (Renal System Set 1)

MCQ

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1. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules :

A) K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone

B) glucose , amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed

C) parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

D) only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed

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2. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) distal convoluted tubule

C) glomerular filtrate

D) loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

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3. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment
will :

A) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

B) cause no change in ADH secretion

C) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

D) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

E) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

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4. H+ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following
except :

A) an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions

B) hyperkalemia

C) metabolic acidosis

D) an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone

E) respiratory acidosis

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5. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by :

A) a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

B) a decrease in renal blood flow

C) constriction of the afferent arteriole

D) compression of the renal capsule

E) a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure

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6. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by
increased :

A) antidiuretic hormone secretion

B) atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

C) aldosterone secretion

D) angiotensin secretion

E) sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney

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7. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus
undergoes reabsorption in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) distal tubule

C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle

D) descending limp of the loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

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8. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular
filtrate via active transport in the :

A) loop of Henle

B) distal tubule

C) collecting duct

D) renal pelvis

E) proximal tubule

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9. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if :

A) Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

B) distal tubular flow increases

C) dietary intake of potassium increase

D) the excretion of organic ions increase

E) circulating aldosterone level increase

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10. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the
following reasons :

A) none of the above

B) its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis

C) the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH3

D) its acid base reaction has a low pK

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11. All the following statements are true for the H + secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except :

A) is secreted by an H+ - ATP ase pump

B) can combine with HCO3

C) can combine with HPO

D) can remains as free H

E) can combine with NH4 +

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12. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will
increase if :

A) the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases

B) the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

C) the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases

D) the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases

E) the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases

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13. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to :

A) increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water

B) increase the excretion of Na+

C) increase the diameter of the renal artery

D) increase the excretion of water

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14. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate,
creatinine is :

A) distal tubule

B) collecting duct

C) proximal tubule

D) loop of Henle

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15. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in :

A) increased secretion of H+

B) increased secretion of HCO3 -

C) acidosis

D) increased secretion of Na+

E) alkalosis

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16. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at
the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the :

A) filtration rate of the substance

B) diffusion constant of the substance

C) clearance of the substance

D) extraction ratio of the substance

E) tubular mass of the substance

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17. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is
correct :

A) it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

B) it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion

C) it produces its effect by activating C-AMP .

D) it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium

E) it is secreted in response to an increase in blood pressure

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18. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if :

A) the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases

B) the plasma protein concentration increase

C) the afferent arteriolar resistance increases

D) circulating blood volume increase

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19. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following
except :

A) sodium

B) glucose

C) hemoglobin

D) chloride

E) albumin

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20. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone , which of
the following factors is least important ?

A) adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

B) concentration of plasma K+

C) concentration of plasma Na+

D) angiotensin II

E) renin

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21. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal
tubule is associated with :

A) excretion of hydrogen ion

B) reabsorption of calcium ion

C) reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

D) excretion of potassium ion

E) reabsorption of phosphate ion

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22. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to :

A) ammonia

B) sodium

C) water

D) carbon dioxide

E) urea

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23. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the
end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

A) glucose

B) sodium

C) bicarbonate

D) creatinine

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24. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the
following except :

A) lactic acid

B) carbonic acid

C) ß- hydroxybutyric acid

D) phosphate acid

E) sulfuric acid

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25. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes
increase in :

A) secretion of ADH

B) production of angiotensin II

C) release of natriuretic hormone

D) release of renin

E) secretion of aldosterone

Your score is

The average score is 56%

Renal System Physiology Set 1

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