Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)

Content of This Page

1- Introduction

2- Causes

3- Symptoms

4- Stages of Disease

5- Treatment

6- What Should You Avoid

Introduction

Kidney infection, medically known as pyelonephritis, is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects one or both kidneys. It typically begins as a lower UTI, such as a bladder infection, and then spreads upward to the kidneys. Pyelonephritis is a serious condition that can cause significant discomfort and may lead to complications if not treated promptly.

Pyelonephritis

Causes

  • Bacterial Infection: Often caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), the same bacteria responsible for bladder infections.
  • Urinary Tract Obstruction: Conditions like kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can block urine flow, allowing bacteria to grow.
  • Recurrent UTIs: Untreated or poorly managed bladder infections can ascend to the kidneys.
  • Weakened Immune System: Increases susceptibility to infections.
  • Pregnancy: Changes in the urinary tract during pregnancy can increase risk.

Symptoms

  • Fever and chills
  • Flank pain (pain in the side or back, below the ribs)
  • Painful urination
  • Frequent urination
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Cloudy, dark, or bloody urine
  • Strong-smelling urine
Acute pyelonephritis

Stages of The Disease

1. Acute Pyelonephritis

  • Description: The initial stage of a kidney infection characterized by sudden onset of symptoms such as high fever, chills, flank pain, painful urination, and nausea.
  • Treatment: Typically managed with oral or intravenous antibiotics. Pain relievers and increased fluid intake are also recommended.

2. Chronic Pyelonephritis

  • Description: A long-term condition that develops from repeated or inadequately treated acute infections. It leads to persistent inflammation and potential scarring of the kidneys.
  • Treatment: Requires long-term management, including antibiotics and addressing underlying issues like urinary tract obstructions or reflux. Regular monitoring is essential to manage kidney function and prevent further damage.

3. Recurrent Pyelonephritis

  • Description: Occurs when a person has multiple episodes of acute pyelonephritis over time. It can be due to incomplete treatment, underlying health issues, or persistent sources of infection.
  • Treatment: May involve long-term antibiotics to prevent recurrence, and investigation into underlying causes or contributing factors is necessary.

4. Complicated Pyelonephritis

  • Description: Refers to pyelonephritis associated with complications such as kidney abscesses, severe obstruction, or chronic conditions like diabetes. It requires more intensive treatment and management.
  • Treatment: May require hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, drainage of abscesses, and surgical interventions if necessary.

5. Chronic Interstitial Nephritis

    • Description: A severe form of chronic pyelonephritis where inflammation leads to long-term damage and scarring of the kidney tissue, potentially resulting in kidney failure.
    • Treatment: Focuses on managing symptoms, controlling underlying conditions, and possibly preparing for dialysis or kidney transplant if kidney function is significantly impaired.

Treatment

  1. Antibiotics: Oral or intravenous antibiotics are prescribed to treat the infection.
  2. Pain Relievers: To manage pain and discomfort.
  3. Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
  4. Hospitalization: In severe cases or if oral antibiotics are not effective, hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics may be required.

What Should You Avoid

  • Promptly Treat UTIs: To prevent them from spreading to the kidneys.
  • Maintain Good Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out bacteria.
  • Good Hygiene: Wipe from front to back and avoid irritants that can lead to infections.
  • Regular Medical Check-ups: Especially if you have conditions that increase your risk of kidney infections.
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