Renal System Physiology Set 2

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Physiology (Renal System Set 2)

MCQ

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1. At which site does tubular fluid osmolality exceed that of
plasma by the greatest amount?

A) proximal tubule

B) distal tubule

C) thin limb of loop of Henle

D) collecting duct

E) thick limb of loop of Henle

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2. Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that also produces natriuresis. Which of the following is an undesirable side effect of furosemide due to its site of action on the renal tubule?

A) Hyperkalemia

B) Edema

C) Decreased ability to concentrate the urine

D) Hypercalcemia

E) Heart failure

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3. The maximum clearance rate possible for a substance that is totally cleared from the plasma is equal to which of the following?

A) Urinary excretion rate of that substance

B) Renal plasma flow

C) GFR

D) Filtered load of that substance

E) Filtration fraction

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4. Which of the following is transported via active
transport?

A) bicarbonate

B) chloride

C) hydrogen

D) urea

E) glucose

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5. Aldosterone has its principle effect in the :

A) thick ascending loop of Henle

B) distal convoluted tubule

C) proximal convoluted tubule

D) descending loop of Henle

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6. Where is the macula densa located?

A) proximal convoluted tubule

B) efferent arteriole

C) distal convoluted tubule

D) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

E) afferent arteriole

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7. As urine flow increases during osmotic diuresis :

A) the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma

B) the osmolality of urine depends primarily on other factor

C) the osmolality of urine is unchanged

D) the osmolality of urine increases

E) the osmolality of urine falls

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8. Which of the following changes tends to increase GFR?

A) Increased Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

B) Increased glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

C) Increased afferent arteriolar resistance

D) Decreased efferent arteriolar resistance

E) Decreased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

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9. About urea, all are true except :

A) is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells

B) causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased

C) concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron

D) concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet

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10. Angiotensin II causes :

A) greater construction of afferent than efferent arterioles

B) constriction of afferent arterioles only

C) constriction of efferent arterioles only

D) greater constriction of efferent than afferent arterioles

E) has no effect on arteriolar constriction

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11. The amount of H + excreted as titratable acid bound to phosphate would be increased by all the following except :

A) an increase in the amount of phosphate filtered at the glomerulus

B) a decrease in the renal tubular maximum ( Tm ) for phosphate reabsorption .

C) an increase in the dietary intake of phosphate

D) an increase in the level of plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH )

E) an increase in the pH of the urine

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12. The maximum effect of vasopressin occurs at :

A) cortical part of the collecting duct

B) distal convoluted tubule

C) medullary part of collecting duct

D) proximal convoluted tubule

E) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

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13. Na+ resorption does not occur in which part of the nephron?

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) thin descending loop of Henle

C) proximal convoluted tubule

D) collecting duct

E) thick ascending loop of Henle

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14. Which is NOT resorbed via cotransport with Na+
in the PCT?

A) phosphate

B) lactate

C) amino acids

D) hydrogen

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15. What percentage of filtered sodium is reabsorbed
by the kidney?

A) 100%

B) 99%

C) 50%

D) 93%

E) 1%

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16. A 26-year-old man develops glomerulonephritis, and his
GFR decreases by 50% and remains at that level. For which of
the following substances would you expect to find the
greatest increase in plasma concentration?

A) Na+

B) Glucose

C) Creatinine

D) Phosphate

E) K+

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17. About the proximal convoluted tubules , all are true except :

A) reabsorb most of Na+ ions in glomerular filtrate

B) reabsorb most of Cl- ions in glomerular filtrate

C) contains JGCs which secrete renin

D) reabsorb most of K+ ions in glomerular filtrate

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18. Which of the following changes tends to increase
peritubular capillary fluid reabsorption?

A) Increased efferent arteriolar resistance

B) Decreased angiotensin II

C) Decreased filtration fraction

D) Increased renal blood flow

E) Increased blood pressure

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Renal System Physiology Set 2

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