The orbicularis oculi is innervated by a
zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

The optic canals transmit the optic nerves
and the ophthalmic arteries

The trigeminal nerve innervates the masseter

The external occipital protuberance is also
known as the inion

The foramen magnum transmits the medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, spinal
roots of the accessory nerve, dural veins, and the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

The bones of the neurocranium include the
frontal bone, paired parietal bones, paired tem
poral bones, the occipital bone, the sphenoid
bone, and the ethmoid bone

The muscles of facial expression develop
from the second pharyngeal arch

The vertex is the superior point of the neurocranium in the midline

Lambda is the point on the calvaria at the
junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

The foramen magnum is in the posterior
cranial fossa

The buccinator, a muscle of facial expression, is innervated by the facial nerve. It presses
the cheek against the molar teeth to assist in chewing, and it expels air from the oral cavity.
It also draws the mouth to one side when acting unilaterally

The mentalis elevates and protrudes the
lower lip

The jugular foramen transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal
and sigmoid sinuses, and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

The bones of the facial skeleton (viscerocra
nium or splanchnocranium) include the vomer,
the mandible, inferior nasal conchae, the pala
tine bones, the zygomatic bones, the maxillae,
the nasal bones, and the lacrimal bones

The external nasal nerve is a cutaneous
nerve derived from the ophthalmic nerve

The depressor septi inserts into part of the nasal septum and widens the alar part of the nasalis muscle during deep inspiration

The temporalis is a muscle of mastication,
not of facial expression

The facial nerve innervates the orbicularis
oculi

The foramen cecum is located in the anterior cranial fossa

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina transmit anterior and posterior ethmoidal
arteries and nerves, not emissary veins

The foramen rotundum transmits the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

The foramen spinosum transmits the meningeal branch of the mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve

The superior orbital fissure transmits the ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear
nerve, abducens nerve, and sympathetic fibers

The foramina in the cribriform plate transmit axons of olfactory cells in the olfactory epithelium

The foramen ovale transmits the accessory
meningeal artery. The foramen spinosum trans
mits the middle meningeal artery. The groove
of the greater petrosal nerve transmits the
petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery.
The jugular foramen transmits the meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries. The mastoid foramen transmits the meningeal branch of the occipital artery