Abdomen Anatomy Set 3

(A) The head of the pancreas rests posteriorly
on the inferior vena cava, right renal artery and
vein and left renal vein

(C) The splenic artery, the largest branch of
the celiac trunk, follows a tortuous course posterior to the omental bursa, anterior to the left
kidney, and along the superior border of the
pancreas

(C) The spleen is the largest of the lymphatic
organs and is a mobile structure entirely surrounded by peritoneum except at the hilum.
It lies beneath the 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs and
does not normally descend inferior to the
costal margin. The spleen varies considerably
in size, weight, and shape

(A) The round ligament of the liver is the
fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein that carried well-oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood
from the placenta to the fetus

(C) The superior suprarenal arteries are provided by the inferior phrenic. The middle suprarenal arteries are provided by the abdominal
aorta and the inferior suprarenal arteries are
provided by the renal artery

(D) The head of the pancreas is embraced by
the C-shaped curve of the duodenum to the
right of the superior mesenteric vessels

(A) The portion of the lesser omentum extending between the porta hepatis of the liver and
the duodenum (the hepatoduodenal ligament)
encloses the portal triad

(D) The paraumbilical veins of the anterior
abdominal wall (portal system) anastomosing
with superficial epigastric veins (systemic system), when dilated, produce caput medusa

(D) The base of the appendix lies deep to a
point that is one-third of the way along the
oblique line, joining the right anterior superior
iliac spine to the umbilicus (spinoumbilical or
McBurney’s point)

(B) The suprarenal glands are located between
the superomedial aspects of the kidneys and
the diaphragm

(E) At the concave medial margin of each kidney is a vertical cleft, the renal hilum, where the
renal artery enters and the renal vein and renal
pelvis leave the renal sinus. At the hilum, the
renal vein is anterior to the renal artery, which
is anterior to the renal pelvis

(E) The porta hepatis gives passage to the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus,
hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels

(C) The mucosa of the neck of the gallbladder
spirals into a fold known as the spiral valve,
which keeps the cystic duct open so that bile
can easily divert into the gallbladder when
the distal end of the bile duct is closed, or so bile
can pass to the duodenum as the gallbladder
contracts

(C) The appendix is supplied by the appendicular artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery

(B) The common hepatic artery extends from
the celiac trunk to the origin of the gastroduodenal artery. The proper hepatic artery extends
from the origin of the gastroduodenal artery
to its bifurcation into right and left hepatic
branches

(B) The pelvic splanchnic nerves provide the
parasympathetic innervation for the distal
one-third of the transverse colon, descending
colon, and rectum

(E) The main pancreatic duct and the bile duct
unite to form a short, dilated hepatopancreatic
ampulla, which opens into the descending part
of the duodenum at the summit of the major
duodenal papilla

(A) The cystic artery commonly arises from
the right hepatic artery in the angle between
the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

(D) Inferiorly, the posterior surfaces of the
kidney are related to the quadratus lumborum
muscle and the subcostal, iliohypogastric, and
ilioinguinal nerves and vessels

(E) There are no teniae in the appendix or rectum

(C) The rectum, the fixed terminal part of the
large intestine, is continuous with the sigmoid
colon at the level of S3 vertebra

(B) The hepatic veins, formed by the union of
the central veins of the liver, open into the inferior vena cava just inferior to the diaphragm

(A) The semilunar left suprarenal gland is related to the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and left
crus of the diaphragm

(D) The suprarenal cortex derives from mesoderm and secretes corticosteroids and androgens. These hormones cause the kidneys to
retain sodium and water in response to stress

(C) The renal papillae empty into the minor calices, which empty into major calices which in
turn empty into the pelvis of the ureter