Respiratory System Embryology Questions

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Embryology (Respiratory System)

MCQ

1 / 10

1. Within hours after birth, a baby whose
mother is diabetic had a rising respiratory
rate and labored breathing. The baby became
cyanotic and died. Postmortem histological examination revealed collapsed alveoli lined with
eosinophilic material. What is the diagnosis?

A) Congenital emphysema

B) Respiratory distress syndrome

C) Cystic fibrosis

D) Tracheoesophageal fistula

E) Pulmonary carcinoma

2 / 10

2. Pulmonary hypoplasia is commonly associated with which condition?

A) Hyaline membrane disease

B) Diaphragmatic hernia

C) Tracheoesophageal fistula

D) Congenital bronchial cysts

E) Congenital neonatal emphysema

3 / 10

3. The trachea is lined with pseudostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
This epithelium is derived from

A) neuroectoderm

B) endoderm

C) ectoderm

D) visceral mesoderm

E) mesoderm of fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches

4 / 10

4. Collapse of bronchi caused by failure of
bronchial cartilage development is indicative of which one of the following congenital
malformations?

A) Congenital bronchial cysts

B) Congenital neonatal emphysema

C) Tracheoesophageal fistula

D) Hyaline membrane disease

E) Pulmonary hypoplasia

5 / 10

5. Smooth muscle, connective tissue, and cartilage of primary bronchi are derived from which
of the following sources?

A) Neuroectoderm

B) Endoderm

C) Ectoderm

D) Visceral mesoderm

E) Mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

6 / 10

6. Components of the blood–air barrier in the lung
are derived from which of the following sources?

A) Ectoderm only

B) Visceral mesoderm only

C) Visceral mesoderm and ectoderm

D) Endoderm and ectoderm

E) Visceral mesoderm and endoderm

7 / 10

7. Development of which of the following is the
first sign of respiratory system development?

A) Tracheoesophageal septum

B) Hypobranchial eminence

C) Primitive foregut

D) Tracheoesophageal fistula

E) Respiratory diverticulum

8 / 10

8. A young mother brings her recently born
infant into your office and complains that the
infant gags and chokes after swallowing milk.
A physical examination indicates excessive
saliva and mucus around the mouth and nose,
abdominal distention, pneumonitis, and radiographs indicate air in the infant’s stomach.
What is the most likely cause?

A) Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

B) Tracheoesophageal fistula

C) Congenital lobar emphysema

D) Respiratory distress syndrome

E) Pulmonary hypoplasia

9 / 10

9. In which stage of lung maturation is the
blood–air barrier established?

A) Embryonic period

B) Pseudoglandular period

C) Canalicular period

D) Terminal sac period

E) Alveolar period

10 / 10

10. The respiratory diverticulum initially is in
open communication with the primitive foregut. Which of the following embryonic structures is responsible for separating these two
structures?

A) Laryngotracheal groove

B) Posterior esophageal folds

C) Laryngotracheal diverticulum

D) Tracheoesophageal septum

E) Bronchopulmonary segment

Your score is

The average score is 70%

Respiratory System Embryology Questions

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