Renal System Physiology Set 1

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Physiology (Renal System Set 1)

MCQ

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1. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to :

A) increase the diameter of the renal artery

B) increase the excretion of water

C) increase the excretion of Na+

D) increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water

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2. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal
tubule is associated with :

A) reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

B) excretion of hydrogen ion

C) excretion of potassium ion

D) reabsorption of phosphate ion

E) reabsorption of calcium ion

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3. H+ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following
except :

A) respiratory acidosis

B) an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone

C) hyperkalemia

D) an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions

E) metabolic acidosis

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4. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following
except :

A) chloride

B) glucose

C) hemoglobin

D) sodium

E) albumin

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5. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone , which of
the following factors is least important ?

A) angiotensin II

B) adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

C) concentration of plasma K+

D) concentration of plasma Na+

E) renin

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6. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if :

A) the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases

B) circulating blood volume increase

C) the plasma protein concentration increase

D) the afferent arteriolar resistance increases

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7. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate,
creatinine is :

A) distal tubule

B) loop of Henle

C) proximal tubule

D) collecting duct

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8. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the
following except :

A) ß- hydroxybutyric acid

B) carbonic acid

C) phosphate acid

D) sulfuric acid

E) lactic acid

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9. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if :

A) dietary intake of potassium increase

B) circulating aldosterone level increase

C) Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

D) the excretion of organic ions increase

E) distal tubular flow increases

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10. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at
the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the :

A) diffusion constant of the substance

B) filtration rate of the substance

C) extraction ratio of the substance

D) clearance of the substance

E) tubular mass of the substance

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11. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will
increase if :

A) the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases

B) the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases

C) the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases

D) the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

E) the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases

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12. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in :

A) acidosis

B) increased secretion of Na+

C) increased secretion of HCO3 -

D) increased secretion of H+

E) alkalosis

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13. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes
increase in :

A) release of natriuretic hormone

B) secretion of ADH

C) production of angiotensin II

D) secretion of aldosterone

E) release of renin

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14. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by
increased :

A) sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney

B) aldosterone secretion

C) angiotensin secretion

D) antidiuretic hormone secretion

E) atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

15 / 25

15. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular
filtrate via active transport in the :

A) renal pelvis

B) loop of Henle

C) distal tubule

D) collecting duct

E) proximal tubule

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16. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is
correct :

A) it produces its effect by activating C-AMP .

B) it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion

C) it is secreted in response to an increase in blood pressure

D) it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium

E) it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

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17. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by :

A) a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

B) constriction of the afferent arteriole

C) a decrease in renal blood flow

D) a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure

E) compression of the renal capsule

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18. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules :

A) K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone

B) glucose , amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed

C) only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed

D) parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

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19. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the
end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

A) creatinine

B) bicarbonate

C) glucose

D) sodium

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20. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment
will :

A) cause no change in ADH secretion

B) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

C) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

D) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

E) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

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21. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the :

A) proximal tubule

B) collecting duct

C) loop of Henle

D) distal convoluted tubule

E) glomerular filtrate

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22. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus
undergoes reabsorption in the :

A) distal tubule

B) proximal tubule

C) ascending limb of the loop of Henle

D) descending limp of the loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

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23. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the
following reasons :

A) its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis

B) none of the above

C) the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH3

D) its acid base reaction has a low pK

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24. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to :

A) urea

B) sodium

C) water

D) ammonia

E) carbon dioxide

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25. All the following statements are true for the H + secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except :

A) can combine with HCO3

B) can combine with NH4 +

C) can combine with HPO

D) is secreted by an H+ - ATP ase pump

E) can remains as free H

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The average score is 56%

Renal System Physiology Set 1

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