Renal System Physiology Set 1

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Physiology (Renal System Set 1)

MCQ

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1. Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus
undergoes reabsorption in the :

A) ascending limb of the loop of Henle

B) collecting duct

C) distal tubule

D) descending limp of the loop of Henle

E) proximal tubule

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2. Glomerular filtration rate would be increased by :

A) constriction of the afferent arteriole

B) compression of the renal capsule

C) a decrease in the concentration of plasma protein

D) a decrease in afferent arteriolar pressure

E) a decrease in renal blood flow

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3. The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will
increase if :

A) the rate of blood flow through the medulla decreases

B) the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases

C) the permeability of the proximal tubule to water decreases

D) the rate of flow through the loop of Henle increases

E) the activity of the Na-K pump in the loop of Henle decreases

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4. The primary renal site for the secretion of organic ions e.g urate,
creatinine is :

A) distal tubule

B) collecting duct

C) proximal tubule

D) loop of Henle

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5. Major determinants of plasma osmolarity include all the following
except :

A) chloride

B) hemoglobin

C) albumin

D) sodium

E) glucose

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6. An increase in the concentration of plasma potassium causes
increase in :

A) release of renin

B) secretion of aldosterone

C) secretion of ADH

D) release of natriuretic hormone

E) production of angiotensin II

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7. When a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the :

A) glomerular filtrate

B) proximal tubule

C) loop of Henle

D) collecting duct

E) distal convoluted tubule

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8. The glomerular filtration rate will increase if :

A) circulating blood volume increase

B) the plasma protein concentration increase

C) the efferent arteriolar resistance decreases

D) the afferent arteriolar resistance increases

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9. Which of the following substances will be more concentrated at the
end of the proximal tubule than at the beginning of the proximal tubule ?

A) glucose

B) sodium

C) creatinine

D) bicarbonate

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10. Extracellular bicarbonate ions serve as effective buffer for all the
following except :

A) ß- hydroxybutyric acid

B) lactic acid

C) phosphate acid

D) carbonic acid

E) sulfuric acid

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11. The effect of antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) on the kidney is to :

A) increase the permeability of the distal nephron to water

B) increase the excretion of water

C) increase the excretion of Na+

D) increase the diameter of the renal artery

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12. Select the correct answer about proximal tubules :

A) K+ is secreted in exchange with the Na+ which is reabsorbed under the effect of aldosterone

B) glucose , amino acids & proteins are completely reabsorbed

C) parathormone increase phosphate reabsorption

D) only 10% of the filtered water is reabsorbed

13 / 25

13. H+ secretion in the distal nephron is enhanced by all the following
except :

A) metabolic acidosis

B) an increase in the level of plasma aldosterone

C) an increase in the tubular luminal concentration of poorly reabsorbable anions

D) hyperkalemia

E) respiratory acidosis

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14. The volume of plasma needed each minute to supply a substance at
the rate at which it is excreted in the urine is known as the :

A) diffusion constant of the substance

B) clearance of the substance

C) tubular mass of the substance

D) extraction ratio of the substance

E) filtration rate of the substance

15 / 25

15. Amino acids are almost completely reabsorbed from the glomerular
filtrate via active transport in the :

A) distal tubule

B) collecting duct

C) renal pelvis

D) proximal tubule

E) loop of Henle

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16. Which one of the following statements about aldosterone is
correct :

A) it produces its effect by activating C-AMP .

B) it has its main effect on the proximal tubule

C) it is secreted in response to an increase in blood pressure

D) it produces its effect by increasing membrane permeability to potassium

E) it causes an increased reabsorption of hydrogen ion

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17. All the following statements are true for the H + secreted into the lumen of the distal nephron except :

A) can combine with NH4 +

B) is secreted by an H+ - ATP ase pump

C) can remains as free H

D) can combine with HPO

E) can combine with HCO3

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18. The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by the proximal
tubule is associated with :

A) excretion of potassium ion

B) excretion of hydrogen ion

C) reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

D) reabsorption of calcium ion

E) reabsorption of phosphate ion

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19. Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in :

A) acidosis

B) increased secretion of H+

C) increased secretion of Na+

D) alkalosis

E) increased secretion of HCO3 -

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20. In the presence of ADH, The distal nephron is least permeable to :

A) sodium

B) ammonia

C) water

D) carbon dioxide

E) urea

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21. In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone , which of
the following factors is least important ?

A) angiotensin II

B) concentration of plasma K+

C) renin

D) adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH )

E) concentration of plasma Na+

22 / 25

22. The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decreases if :

A) the excretion of organic ions increase

B) dietary intake of potassium increase

C) distal tubular flow increases

D) circulating aldosterone level increase

E) Na+ reabsorption by the distal nephron decreases

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23. In the distal tubules, sodium reabsorption is increased directly by
increased :

A) antidiuretic hormone secretion

B) angiotensin secretion

C) sympathetic nerve stimulation of the kidney

D) atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

E) aldosterone secretion

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24. Ammonia is an affective important urinary buffer for which of the
following reasons :

A) the walls of the renal tubules are impermeable to NH3

B) its acid base reaction has a low pK

C) none of the above

D) its production in the kidney decrease during chronic acidosis

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25. An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular compartment
will :

A) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

B) cause no change in ADH secretion

C) inhibit the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

D) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and stimulate ADH secretion

E) stimulate the volume and osmoreceptors , and inhibit ADH secretion

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The average score is 56%

Renal System Physiology Set 1

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