Renal System Physiology Set 2

Test Your Knowledge and master Physiology

/18

Physiology (Renal System Set 2)

MCQ

1 / 18

The maximum effect of vasopressin occurs at :

A) cortical part of the collecting duct

B) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

C) proximal convoluted tubule

D) distal convoluted tubule

E) medullary part of collecting duct

2 / 18

Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that also produces natriuresis. Which of the following is an undesirable side effect of furosemide due to its site of action on the renal tubule?

A) Heart failure

B) Hyperkalemia

C) Hypercalcemia

D) Edema

E) Decreased ability to concentrate the urine

3 / 18

The amount of H + excreted as titratable acid bound to phosphate would be increased by all the following except :

A) an increase in the level of plasma parathyroid hormone ( PTH )

B) an increase in the pH of the urine

C) an increase in the dietary intake of phosphate

D) an increase in the amount of phosphate filtered at the glomerulus

E) a decrease in the renal tubular maximum ( Tm ) for phosphate reabsorption .

4 / 18

Which of the following is transported via active
transport?

A) bicarbonate

B) glucose

C) hydrogen

D) urea

E) chloride

5 / 18

Aldosterone has its principle effect in the :

A) proximal convoluted tubule

B) descending loop of Henle

C) distal convoluted tubule

D) thick ascending loop of Henle

6 / 18

Na+ resorption does not occur in which part of the nephron?

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) proximal convoluted tubule

C) thick ascending loop of Henle

D) thin descending loop of Henle

E) collecting duct

7 / 18

What percentage of filtered sodium is reabsorbed
by the kidney?

A) 50%

B) 93%

C) 99%

D) 100%

E) 1%

8 / 18

The maximum clearance rate possible for a substance that is totally cleared from the plasma is equal to which of the following?

A) GFR

B) Filtration fraction

C) Urinary excretion rate of that substance

D) Filtered load of that substance

E) Renal plasma flow

9 / 18

Which is NOT resorbed via cotransport with Na+
in the PCT?

A) hydrogen

B) lactate

C) amino acids

D) phosphate

10 / 18

Which of the following changes tends to increase
peritubular capillary fluid reabsorption?

A) Decreased angiotensin II

B) Decreased filtration fraction

C) Increased renal blood flow

D) Increased blood pressure

E) Increased efferent arteriolar resistance

11 / 18

About urea, all are true except :

A) causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased

B) concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron

C) is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells

D) concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet

12 / 18

At which site does tubular fluid osmolality exceed that of
plasma by the greatest amount?

A) proximal tubule

B) thin limb of loop of Henle

C) distal tubule

D) collecting duct

E) thick limb of loop of Henle

13 / 18

A 26-year-old man develops glomerulonephritis, and his
GFR decreases by 50% and remains at that level. For which of
the following substances would you expect to find the
greatest increase in plasma concentration?

A) Creatinine

B) Na+

C) K+

D) Glucose

E) Phosphate

14 / 18

Angiotensin II causes :

A) greater construction of afferent than efferent arterioles

B) constriction of afferent arterioles only

C) has no effect on arteriolar constriction

D) constriction of efferent arterioles only

E) greater constriction of efferent than afferent arterioles

15 / 18

As urine flow increases during osmotic diuresis :

A) the osmolality of urine increases

B) the osmolality of urine falls

C) the osmolality of urine approaches that of plasma

D) the osmolality of urine is unchanged

E) the osmolality of urine depends primarily on other factor

16 / 18

Where is the macula densa located?

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) proximal convoluted tubule

C) afferent arteriole

D) thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

E) efferent arteriole

17 / 18

Which of the following changes tends to increase GFR?

A) Increased Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

B) Increased glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

C) Increased afferent arteriolar resistance

D) Decreased efferent arteriolar resistance

E) Decreased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

18 / 18

About the proximal convoluted tubules , all are true except :

A) contains JGCs which secrete renin

B) reabsorb most of Na+ ions in glomerular filtrate

C) reabsorb most of K+ ions in glomerular filtrate

D) reabsorb most of Cl- ions in glomerular filtrate

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