Saturn Medic
Embryology (Urinary System)
MCQ
1 / 10
Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue mass. What is the diagnosis?
The moist, red tissue mass that is exposed to the exterior is actually the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. This is called exstrophy of the bladder and is caused when the anterior abdominal wall and anterior wall of the bladder fail to form. The ureters open onto the posterior wall; therefore, urine drainage is apparent.
2 / 10
A urachal cyst is a remnant of the
The upper end of the urogenital sinus is in patent communication with the allantois, which lies in the umbilical cord. The allantois normally regresses and forms a fibrous cord. If a remnant persists, it forms a urachal cyst or sinus.
3 / 10
When does the metanephros become functional?
The metanephros begins to form at week 5 and starts to function in the fetus at about week 10. The pronephros is not functional in humans. The mesonephros is the interim kidney, which functions until the metanephros is ready.The metanephros begins to form at week 5 and starts to function in the fetus at about week 10. The pronephros is not functional in humans. The mesonephros is the interim kidney, which functions until the metanephros is ready.
4 / 10
The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder is formed by the
The lower ends of the mesonephric ducts are incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. The mesonephric ducts contribute to the connective tissue component of the posterior wall at the trigone. It is generally believed that the transitional epithelium lining the entire bladder (even the trigone) is of endodermal origin.
5 / 10
During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the surgeon notes that the patient’s right kidney has two ureters and two renal pelves. This malformation is
The ureteric bud seems to be preprogrammed to undergo repeated divisions. These divisions normally begin on contact with the metanephric blastema. If the ureteric bud undergoes division prematurely, duplication of the ureter and renal pelvis occurs. In some circumstances, two separate kidneys may form.
6 / 10
The proximal convoluted tubules of the definitive adult kidney are derived from the
The distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, and Bowman capsule are all derived from the metanephric vesicle.
7 / 10
The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from
The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is derived from mesoderm because the ureter develops from the ureteric bud. The ureteric bud is a diverticulum from the mesonephric duct whose origin can be traced back to the intermediate mesoderm.
8 / 10
A 6-year-old girl presents with a large abdominal mass just superior to the pubic symphysis. The mass is tender when palpated and fixed in location. During surgery, a fluid-filled mass is noted connected to the umbilicus superiorly and to the urinary bladder inferiorly. What is the diagnosis?
A urachal cyst or sinus forms from a remnant of the allantois and is found along the midline on a path from the umbilicus to the apex of the urinary bladder. The epithelium lining the cyst produces secretions that gradually fill the remnant with fluid. Very rarely, the entire allantois persists, forming a fistula that is patent from the urinary bladder to the exterior at the umbilicus
9 / 10
The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from
The transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder is derived from endoderm because the urinary bladder develops from the upper end of the urogenital sinus. The origin of the urogenital sinus can be traced back to the gut tube, which is lined by endoderm.
10 / 10
The podocytes of Bowman capsule are derived from
The podocytes of Bowman capsule develop from the metanephric vesicles, which are of mesodermal origin.
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