Saturn Medic
Histology (Bone And Cartilage)
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Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the periosteum?
D. The inner layer of the periosteum possesses osteoprogenitor cells, whereas the outer layer of the periosteum is fibrous. The periosteum functions to distribute blood vessels to the bone; thus, appositional bone growth takes place here (see Chapter 7 II В
2 / 12
Which one of the following inhibits histogenesis of cartilage?
D. Hydrocortisone inhibits cartilage growth and matrix formation (see Chapter 7 I A 2).
3 / 12
Which of the following statements character- izes osteoclasts?
E. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that produce proteolytic enzymes and occupy Howship lacunae. They are not derived from osteoprogenitor cells but from monocyte precursors (see Chapter 7 II C 4).
4 / 12
A 7-year-old boy is seen by his pediatrician because the child broke his humerus as he tripped and fell while walking. The pediatrician asked about the child's diet and learned that he might have a dietary deficiency. Which of the following may be lacking in his diet?
B. Because calcium must be maintained at a constant level in the blood and the tissues, a diet deficient in calcium leads to calcium loss from the bones. As a result, the bones become fragile (see Chapter 7 II C 4 Clinical Considerations).
5 / 12
Which one of the following statements is characteristic of osteocytes?
. A. Osteocytes communicate with each other via gap junctions on narrow cytoplasmic pro- cesses that extend through canaliculi. They are mature bone cells that occupy individual lacu- nae as mature resting bone cells (see Chapter 7 II C 3).
6 / 12
A 25-year-old patient, anemic for several years, complains of failing eyesight and hearing loss. During a physical examination, it is deter- mined that the patient has lost function of some of the cranial nerves. The diagnosis could be which one of the following?
E. Osteopetrosis is a genetic defect involving the osteoclasts. Persons with this defect possess osteoclasts without ruffled borders, which prohibit them from resorbing bone. Therefore, bone forms but is not resorbed. This leads to increased bone density, anemia, blindness, deafness, and cranial nerve involvement because the nerves are impinged upon as they exit the cranium via their foramina (see Chapter 7 II B Clinical Considerations).
7 / 12
Which one of the following statements con- cerning hyaline cartilage is correct?
D. Hyaline cartilage is avascular, contains type II collagen, and grows both interstitially and ap- positionally. It is located at the articulating ends of long bones (see Chapter 7 I A).
8 / 12
Which one of the following makes epiphy- seal cartilage matrix fail to calcify?
C. In the absence of vitamin D, epiphyseal chondrocytes continue to proliferate, but their ma- trix does not calcify, which leads to rickets (see Chapter 7 II I Clinical Considerations
9 / 12
Which of the following statements is characteristic of bone?
C. Haversian canals run longitudinally, parallel to the long axis of bone. They are connected to one another by Volkmann canals that run perpendicular (or obliquely) to them (see Chapter 7 II E 1)
10 / 12
A 22-year-old woman is seen for the first time by her new physician, who notes that she has very thick bones in her extremities and face. The physician suspects acromegaly, caused by which of the following?
B. Excessive growth hormone causes acromegaly. Excessive vitamin D causes bone resorption. Both an excess and a deficiency of vitamin A result in short stature (see Chapter 7 II J Clinical Considerations).
11 / 12
Which one of the following accelerates epiphyseal ossification?
B. Hypervitaminosis A accelerates ossification of epiphyseal plates, whereas hypovitaminosis A reduces the width of the epiphyseal plates (see Chapter 7 II I).
12 / 12
Which one of the following stimulates carti- lage histogenesis?
A. Thyroxine, testosterone, and somatotropin stimulate cartilage growth and matrix formation (see Chapter 71A2).
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